Common Types of Metal Machining

Common Types of Metal Machining

Processing technology mainly refers to the process of directly changing the shape, size, and performance of raw materials (blanks) in the production process to make them into finished products. Specifically, it can be divided into casting, pressure processing, welding, machining, heat treatment, special processing, electroplating, coating, assembly, etc. Machining often includes milling, drilling, turning, grinding and boring.

1. Milling

This machining can be divided into peripheral milling (climb milling and up milling) and end milling (symmetrical and asymmetrical milling). Among them, the surface quality of the workpiece after down milling is high, and the service life of the tool is long, which is beneficial to the tightening of the workpiece. The characteristics of this process are: multi-edged tool processing, good tool cooling effect, high durability; high processing production efficiency, wide processing range, can complete processing tasks such as processing planes, steps and special-shaped surfaces; vibration is easy to occur during cutting.

2. Drilling

The method of processing holes on solid parts with a drill bit, the entire processing process is mainly carried out on bench drilling machines, vertical drilling machines and radial drilling machines. The drilling process mainly includes reaming (enlarging the existing holes on the workpiece with a reamer) and reaming (finishing the existing holes on the workpiece with a reamer), which is very suitable for rough machining of small workpieces. But it has the disadvantages of difficult chip removal, poor heat dissipation conditions and serious tool wear.

3. Turning

The technological process of machining a workpiece on a lathe with a turning tool is suitable for machining the surface of various gyratory bodies. For example, ordinary lathes are suitable for single-piece and small-batch production of various medium and small shafts, disks, and sleeves. Vertical lathes are good for heavy parts with larger diameters and shorter lengths. CNC lathes are suitable for multi-variety and small-batch production of complex-shaped parts.

4. Grinding

It is a combination of the three functions of cutting, carving and sliding. This processing has the advantages of fast grinding speed, high processing precision and small cutting depth. Moreover, it can not only process soft materials, such as cast iron and non-ferrous metals, but also process hardened steel and other hard materials that cannot be processed by tools, such as cemented carbide products. Grinding is mainly used for surface processing of high-precision flat and quenched parts.

5. Boring

Rework existing holes with a boring tool. For example, holes on rotary parts are generally processed on a lathe, while holes on box-type parts are generally processed on a boring machine.